Internal-combustion engine



R. F. GILE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 25, 1911.

1,335,328. Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

UNITED STATES "PATENT OFFICE.

3101mm) FRED GILE,

MENTS,.TO GEORGE K. WOODWORTH, TRUSTEE,

OF SAUGUS, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGITOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

' Application filed July 25, 1917. Serial No. 182,631.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RIC\HARD F. GrLE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Saugus, in the county of Essex and State. of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion shown an illustrative embodiment of my invention but it will be understood that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of my invention as defined by the appended claims,-

'In the drawings v Figure 1 is a central vertical section of an engine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the piston with the spring-actuated valve removed.

In the particular drawings selected for more fully disclosing my invention 10 represents a differential cylinder having two portions of unequal internal diameter, the upper portion 11 which has the smaller diameter terminating in a combustion chamber 12 and the lower portion 13 of larger diameter being suitably secured to the crank case 14.

Arranged to reciprocate within the cylinder is'a differential piston 15 having two portionsof unequal external diameter, the upper portion 16 fitting the upper portion 11 of the cylinder and the lower portion 17, the lower portion 13 of the cylinder. Piston rings. 18 and 19 respectively insure a gas-tight fit between the two parts of the piston and the portions of the cylinder with which they co'o'perate.

A pitman 20 of any suitable construction connects the piston with the crank 21.

The engine is provided with an intake port 22 which communicates with the portion of the cylinder which has the larger diameter and is controlled by thev springretracted valve 23. Tubes 24 herein shown as four in number pass through'the piston and connect the chamber 25 in the upper part of the pistoni'he'ad with four by-passes 26 in the lower part of the cylinder. Passing through the piston head and communicating with said chamber 25 are a plurality of fuel passa es 27 herein shown as sixteen in number. l o hard and fast rule can be given as to the number of said passages that will sageways to the combustion chamber but serve the additional function of effecting such a thorough, intimate and complete mixing of the charge of fuel and air assing therethrough to said combustion c amber that substantially complete combustion of the same will result on ignition. Their number has been found to do end somewhat .upon the volume of the cy inder. There must'be a relatively large'number of such passages so as thoroughly to sub-divide the charge and effect the complete mixing of the same. Their total cross sectional area must be such that they will impose sufiicient restraint to the passage of the gas there through as to enable the latter to acquiresa relatively high velocity during such passage. Vhile I do not limit myself to the number of passages which may be employed, it has been found that from sixteen to thirty-six give good results.

Normally closing said passages is a spring-retracted valve 28, the stem 29 of which surrounded by spiral spring 30 extends down into the piston where the temperature does not become sufiiciently high to affect said s ring.

The com ustion chamber is normally closed by a valve 31 which may be opened at the proper time by any suitable mechanism and which is closed by the spring 32. The exhaust passage 33 is provided withan exhaust port 34.

The operation is as follows: The parts being in explosion position as shown in Fig. 1, the charge is fired and the piston descends creating a vacuum in the space hetwe n the upper face of the enlarged portion of too pis' ton and the top of the enlarged portion of the cylinder and thereby opening the valve 23 and drawing a charge of fueland air into said space, which charge on the upstroke of the piston is compressed in said space and driven through the tubes 24 thereby opening the spring-pressed valve 28 whereupon it is forced into the combustion chamber through thcpassages 27 in a plurality of relatively give the best results under all condiv tions of operation. They are not mere passmall streams and becomes so thoroughly mixed that substantially complete combustionwill result. Shortly before explosion position is reached the pressure on the lower opened and the upward movement of the piston will mechanically expel the burned gases, such expulsion being assistedsomewhat by the rush of the fresh charge into the combustion chamber when the valve 28 commences to open, said exhaust valve being closed by its spring in the proper time to prevent undue'loss of such fresh charge.

. The usual Watci, cooling passages 35 are employed, and the particular means shown for actuating the'dxhaust valve consists of the cam 36 which actuates the vertical rod 37 connected to one and of the rock lever 3.8, the other end of which cooperates with the stem ofthe exhaust Valve.

I claim:

1. An inter-rial combustion engine, comprising in combination a differential cylinder terminating in a combustion chamber, a

differential piston arranged to reciprocate" within said cylinder, the head-of said piston being provided with fuel passages sufficiently numerous to effect such a thorough, intimate and completemixing of the charge of fuel and air passing thcrethrough to said combustion chamber that substantially complete combustion of the same will result on ignition, and the body portion of said piston being provided with a passageway communicating with said passages and with the portion of the cylinder which has the larger diameter, and a valve normally closing said passages.

I 2. An internal combustion engine, a comprising in combination a differential cylinder terminating in a combustion chamber,

a differential piston arranged to reciprocate within said cylinder, the head of said piston being provided with fuel passages suiiiciently numerous to effect such a thorough, intimate and complete mixing of the charge of fuel and air passing tl'ierethrough to said combustion chamber that substantially complete combustion of the same will result on ignition, and the body portion of said piston being provided with a passageway communicating with said passages and with the portion of the cylinder which has the larger diameter, and a spring-pressed valve normally closing said passages.

3.'An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a difi'crential cylinder terminating in a combustion chamber, difierential piston arranged to reciprocate the larger diameter,

plete combustion of the same will result on ignition, and the body portion of. said piston being provided with a passageway communicating with said passages and with the portion of the cylinder which has the larger diameter, a valve normally closing said passages, and means controlling said valve.

4. An internal combustion engine, comprising in combination a cylinder having two portions of unequal internal diameter, a piston having two portions of unequal external diameter and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, said cylinder having an intake port communicating with that port n thereof which has the larger diameter and a combustion chamber communicating with that portion thereof which has the smaller dian'ieter, the head of said piston being provided with fuel passages suificientlynumerous to effect such a thorough, intimate and complete mixing of a charge of fuel and air passing therethrough to said combustion chamber that substantially complete combustion of the same will result on ignition," and the body of said'piston being provided with a passagmvay communicating with said passages and with that portion of the cylinder which has the larger diameter, and a valve normally closing said passages.

5. An internal combustion engine, com prising in combination a, cylinder having two portions of unequal internal diameter, a piston having two portions of unequal external diameter and arranged to reciprocate in said cylinder, said cylinder having an intake port communicating with that portion thereof which has the larger diameter and a combustion chamber communicating with that portion thereof which has the smaller diameter, that portion of the piston which has the smaller diameter being provided with a chamber and with fuel passages passing through the piston head and communicating with said chamber, said passages being sufficiently numerous to effect such a thorough, intimate and complete mixing of a charge of fuel and air passing therethrough to said combustion chamber that substantially complete combustion of the same will result on ignition and the .body of said piston being provided with a passage way communicating with said chamber and with that portion of the cylinder which has and, a valve normally closing said passages.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto ip cribed my name this; 23d day of July, it t. i

FRED @1141), 

